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. 2020 Apr 21;10:6735. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63479-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bihemispheric tDCS during REM sleep modulates phasic activity of the forearm muscles. (A) Correlation of EMG shift towards phasic activity between the left and right forearm flexor muscles in the sham-stimulation and tDCS conditions. (B,C) Correlation between EMG shift towards phasic activity and EEG parietal coherence in the beta frequency band, plotted separately for the left and right forearm recordings, in the sham-stimulation and tDCS conditions. Ranked data are plotted in (B,C) as Spearman’s rank order correlations were carried between EMG and EEG measures. In all plots, the least-squares lines are plotted to visualize associations between variables. *p_B < 0.05, ****p_B < 0.00005.