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. 2020 Apr 21;10:6754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63741-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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WNT5A regulates gene expression of the Th2 cytokine IL31. (A) Cluster analysis of genes upregulated by WNT5A in CD4⁺ T cells of asthma patients. Cluster analysis was done using the StringDB online tool and identified 2 major clusters, being (1) ribosomal proteins and (2) histone proteins. (B) Top 5 most upregulated genes by WNT5A in CD4⁺ T cells of asthma patients. (C) Volcano plot of top regulated genes upregulated by WNT5A in CD4⁺ T cells of asthma patients. (D) IL31 gene expression in CD4⁺ T cells either left untreated (control), or treated with recombinant WNT5A, anti-CD3/anti-CD28 or its combination in asthma patients and healthy controls. Gene expression of IL31 was analysed after 24 h. Note that the y-axis has a logarithmic scale. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. (E) IL31 ELISA, as in (D). (F) Relative gene expression of IL31 in whole lung homogenates. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Group sizes are n = 9, 7, 9, 7 for the respective groups (left to right). Data is expressed at the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.