Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| All | Group A (HbA1c < 6%) |
Group B (HbA1c ≥ 6%, < 7.5%) |
Group C (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%), |
p value among the three groups | P value between group B vs C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | 824 | 41 | 527 | 256 | ||
| Age | 64.00 ± 12.19 | 68.44 ± 13.06 | 64.79 ± 11.74 | 61.67 ± 12.60 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 595(72.2) | 25(61.0) | 378(71.7) | 192(75.0) | 0.163 | 0.379 |
| Known Diabetes | 619(75.1) | 29(70.7) | 366(69.4) | 224(87.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 515(62.6) | 30(73.2) | 346(65.8) | 139(54.3) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 206(25.1) | 14(34.1) | 133(25.3) | 59(23.1) | 0.314 | 0.572 |
| Previous MI | 0.135 | 0.064 | ||||
| - >30 d | 52(6.4) | 4(9.8) | 25(4.8) | 23(9.1) | ||
| - 7~30 d | 15(1.8) | 0(0.0) | 11(2.1) | 4(1.6) | ||
| Heart failure | 13(1.6) | 3(7.3) | 8(1.5) | 2(0.8) | 0.029 | 0.512 |
| Stroke | 74(9.0) | 7(17.1) | 47(8.9) | 20(7.8) | 0.160 | 0.684 |
| Previous CVD | 138(16.7) | 12(29.3) | 79(15.0) | 47(18.4) | 0.044 | 0.271 |
| Smoking | 0.003 | 0.004 | ||||
| - Current | 317(38.8) | 9(22.0) | 189(36.2) | 119(46.9) | ||
| - Former | 205(25.1) | 12(29.3) | 129(24.7) | 64(25.2) | ||
| - Never | 295(36.1) | 20(48.8) | 204(39.1) | 71(28.0) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.46 ± 3.53 | 23.89 ± 4.39 | 24.45 ± 3.49 | 24.57 ± 3.46 | 0.570 | 0.645 |
| Heart Rate | 75.58 ± 14.45 | 79.22 ± 15.89 | 75.02 ± 14.35 | 76.13 ± 14.36 | 0.147 | 0.315 |
| STEMI | 386(46.9) | 13(31.7) | 246(46.8) | 127(49.6) | 0.102 | 0.509 |
| Multivessel disease | 579(77.4) | 30(78.9) | 363(77.4) | 186(77.2) | 0.971 | >.999 |
| SBP at discharge | 118.2 ± 16.53 | 121.59 ± 15.56 | 117.70 ± 16.33 | 118.68 ± 17.39 | 0.250 | 0.442 |
| DBP at discharge | 66.04 ± 10.3 | 63.61 ± 9.65 | 66.06 ± 10.27 | 66.38 ± 10.46 | 0.439 | 0.684 |
| <Medication> | ||||||
| Aspirin | 820(99.5) | 41(100.0) | 526(99.8) | 253(98.8) | 0.271 | 0.105 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 792(96.1) | 35(85.4) | 508(96.4) | 249(97.3) | 0.006 | 0.671 |
| Warfarin | 38(4.6) | 5(12.2) | 22(4.2) | 11(4.3) | 0.085 | >.999 |
| RAS inhibitors | 666(80.8) | 34(82.9) | 422(80.1) | 210(82.0) | 0.760 | 0.580 |
| Diuretics | 285(34.6) | 24(58.5) | 170(32.3) | 91(35.5) | 0.003 | 0.404 |
| CCB | 119(14.4) | 11(26.8) | 81(15.4) | 27(10.5) | 0.014 | 0.064 |
| Statin | 714(86.7) | 26(63.4) | 463(87.9) | 225(87.9) | <0.001 | >.999 |
| Beta Blocker | 593(72.0) | 25(61.0) | 389(73.8) | 179(69.9) | 0.144 | 0.289 |
| OHA | 603(73.2) | 23(56.1) | 398(75.5) | 182(71.1) | 0.017 | 0.215 |
| Insulin | 176(21.4) | 6(14.6) | 62(11.8) | 108(42.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| <Echocardiography> | ||||||
| Mean LV EF, % | 51.58 ± 11.67 | 47.31 ± 15.47 | 52.09 ± 1127 | 51.21 ± 11.67 | 0.073 | 0.314 |
| LV EF < 40% | 127 (15.41) | 16 (39.0) | 73 (13.9) | 38 (14.8) | <0.001 | 0.792 |
| LVEDD | 49.26 ± 6.06 | 49.95 ± 6.34 | 49.20 ± 5.86 | 49.26 ± 6.38 | 0.684 | 0.893 |
| LVESD | 34.31 ± 7.27 | 35.60 ± 7.58 | 34.13 ± 7.14 | 34.49 ± 7.50 | 0.310 | 0.522 |
| <Lab> | ||||||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.32 ± 1.34 | 2.18 ± 1.79 | 1.29 ± 1.44 | 1.23 ± 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.448 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 72.44 ± 38.2 | 46.81 ± 27.72 | 73.28 ± 35.71 | 75.17 ± 43.15 | <0.001 | 0.592 |
| Troponin I, ng/ml | 76.33 ± 123.87 | 88.41 ± 184.80 | 72.56 ± 113.15 | 82.16 ± 132.92 | 0.631 | 0.321 |
| Pro-BNP, ng/ml | 3506.02 ± 7951.79 | 6730.20 ± 11076.72 | 3645.47 ± 8465.62 | 2653.59 ± 5827.62 | 0.056 | 0.087 |
| CK-MB, ng/ml | 57.28 ± 111.38 | 33.02 ± 62.94 | 60.89 ± 119.72 | 53.75 ± 98.58 | 0.773 | 0.377 |
| hsCRP, mg/dl | 5.44 ± 6.92 | 4.98 ± 5.00 | 5.30 ± 6.73 | 5.85 ± 7.69 | 0.862 | 0.482 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 167.28 ± 42.76 | 150.58 ± 41.27 | 168.96 ± 42.81 | 166.44 ± 42.49 | 0.047 | 0.454 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 42.22 ± 10.34 | 42.29 ± 12.72 | 42.15 ± 10.33 | 42.37 ± 10.03 | 0.842 | 0.780 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 100.61 ± 35.27 | 93.82 ± 34.65 | 102.25 ± 36.38 | 98.18 ± 32.81 | 0.181 | 0.149 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 146.77 ± 119.63 | 117.57 ± 92.01 | 147.45 ± 123.26 | 149.51 ± 115.32 | 0.106 | 0.826 |
| Treatment | <0.001 | 0.836 | ||||
| - None | 52(6.3) | 4(9.8) | 35(6.6) | 13(5.1) | ||
| - Thrombolysis | 28(3.4) | 0(0.0) | 18(3.4) | 10(3.9) | ||
| - PCI | 649(78.8) | 23(56.1) | 419(79.5) | 207(80.9) | ||
| - CABG | 95(11.5) | 14(34.1) | 55(10.4) | 26(10.2) | ||
| GRACE | 115.38 ± 37.13 | 135.28 ± 41.08 | 115.14 ± 35.69 | 112.59 ± 38.56 | 0.009 | 0.372 |
MI, myocardial infarction; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; STEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RAS, renin-angiotensin-system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricle end systolic dimension; estimated glomerular filtration rate; pro-BNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft.