Table 1.
Patient demographics.
| EPC | EPMC | HCC | HCMC | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 29 | 25 | 16 | 22 | |
| Sex | 23/29 (79%) | 16/25 (64%) | 10/16 (63%) | 11/22 (50%) | All groups: 0.182 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.210 | |||||
| Age | 25.57 (3.89) | 26.45 (5.04) | 27.11 (5.95) | 28.16 (5.29) | All groups: 0.315 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.476 | |||||
| Age at first presentation | 23.56 (4.06) | 24.10 (5.00) | — | — | EPC vs EPNC: 0.565 |
| AUDIT | 8.79 (5.30) | 3.40 (4.92) | 7.75 (6.43) | 3.59 (2.99) | All groups: <0.001 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.001 | |||||
| Fagerstrom | 2.59 (2.44) | 0.64 (1.52) | 0.75 (1.73) | 0 | All groups: <0.001 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.001 | |||||
| Proportion SSD | 22/29 (76%) | 19/25 (76%) | none | none | EPC vs EPNC: 0.991 |
| Diagnosis | EPC vs EPNC: 0.459 | ||||
| Schizophrenia | 11 (38%) | 12 (44%) | |||
| Schizoaffective | 8 (28%) | 6 (24%) | |||
| Schizophreniform | 3 (10%) | 2 (8%) | |||
| Bipolar | 2 (7%) | 2 (8%) | |||
| Psychotic depression | 1 (3%) | 0 | |||
| Brief psychotic D | 1(3%) | 2 (8%) | |||
| Psychosis NOS | 0 | 2 (8%) | |||
| Substance induced | 3 (10%) | 0 | |||
| Addiction comorbidity (lifetime)* | All groups: <0.001EPC vs EPNC: 0.001 | ||||
| Cbs Dep | 18 (62%) | 0 | 6 (38%) | 0 | |
| Cbs abuse | 5 (17%) | 0 | 2 (13%) | 0 | |
| ETOH Dep | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| ETOH abuse | 4 (14%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (13%) | 0 | |
| Other Dep | 2(7%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| None | 5 (17%) | 22 (88%) | 7 (44%) | 22 (100%) | |
| PANSS | EPC vs EPNC: 0.526 | ||||
| Positive symptoms | 12.17 (5.39) | 11.24 (5.31) | EPC vs EPNC: 0.806 | ||
| Negative symptoms | 13.93 (7.23) | 14.40 (6.59) | EPC vs EPNC: 0.905 | ||
| General | 27.14 (9.16) | 26.84 (9.04) | All groups: <0.001 | ||
| Total | 53.24 (18.49) | 52.48 (17.46) | 34.56 (5.38) | 31.05 (2.13) | EPC vs EPNC: 0.878 |
| GAF | 70.24 (8.98) | 73.16 (11.21) | 89.25 (4.93) | 93.32 (2.64) | All groups: <0.001 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.293 | |||||
| CPZ equivalents | 189.57 (174.15) | 195.54 (172.43) | none | none | EPC vs EPNC: 0.9 |
| Antipsychotic Type | EPC vs EPNC: 0.801 | ||||
| Atypical Oral | 14 (48%) | 11 (44%) | |||
| Typical | 0 | 0 | |||
| Clozapine | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) | |||
| Depot (all atypical) | 4 (15%) | 6 (24%) | |||
| None | 10 (34%) | 7 (28%) | |||
| Intelligence quotient | 100.46 (12.73) | 99.28 (14.59) | 110.28 (6.93) | 110.23 (7.97) | All groups: 0.002 |
| EPC vs EPNC: 0.768 | |||||
Data presented in cells proportions for discrete data; means (standard deviations) for continuous data. p-Values are reported for omnibus tests (Chi squared, Fisher’s exact where numbers in categories ≤5, ANOVA) for all groups: group-wise comparisons reported as appropriate (Chi squared, t-tests). EPC early psychosis with cannabis use, EPMC early psychosis with minimal cannabis use, HCC healthy controls with cannabis use, HCMC healthy controls with minimal cannabis use, n number of participants, SSD schizophrenia spectrum disorder, CPZ chlorpromazine. *Excludes nicotine (see Fagerstrom). Bold typeface indicates significance p < 0.05.