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. 2020 Apr 21;10:6733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63442-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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RPE damages induced by a total retinal dose of 2.2 J/cm². Male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were exposed to GaN-on-GaN (GoG) LED or conventional white LED (XE) (Xanlite XXX Evolution 5 W) for 9 and 10 h repectively at 1900 lx, receiving the estimated retinal dose of 2.2 J/cm² (BLH weighted 0.253 J/cm² for regular LED and to 0.26 J/cm² for GaN-on-GaN LED). (A) 15 hours after the end of the exposure period the eyes were included in optimal cutting temperature medium (Tissue Tek), cryosectioned and immunostained with anti-retinal pigment epithelium protein 65 (RPE 65). Nuclei are stained with DAPI in blue. ONL indicates the outer nuclear layer, RPE the retinal pigment epithelium. Scale bar represents 100 µm.NE: Non Exposed. (B) Measurement of the RPE thickness after exposure. Histograms represent the median with the interquartile range. Significance was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s multiple comparison post-test. H(3) = 26.28. ***p ≤ 0.001, n = 12.