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. 2020 Apr 21;10:6733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63442-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The RPE after a total retinal dose of 2.2 J/cm². Male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were exposed to GaN-on-GaN (GoG) LED or conventional white LED (XE) (Xanlite XXX Evolution 5 W) for 9 and 10 h respectively at 1900 lx, receiving the estimated retinal dose of 2.2 J/cm² (BLH weighted 0.253 J/cm² for regular LED and to 0.26 J/cm² for GaN-on-GaN LED). (A) 15 hours after the end of the exposure period the eyes were included in optimal cutting temperature medium (Tissue Tek), cryosectioned and immunostained with anti-Rat seric albumin (alb). White arrows indicate albumin leakage. ONL indicates the outer nuclear layer, INL the inner nuclear layer and GCL the ganglion cell layer. NE: Non exposed. Scale bar represents 100 µm. (B) alternatively the eyes were dissected and the posterior pole containing the RPE and the choroid was flat mounted, stained with labeled phalloidin (green) and analyzed under a confocal microscopy. Red arrow indicates stress fibers, white arrows show interruptions of the OBRB. Scale bar represents 10 µm.