Table 2.

Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) from Multivariable Logistic Regressions Examining the Effect of Race and Ethnicity on the Three Types of Cost-Coping Behaviors

Race and ethnicity	Decreased adherence, OR (95% CI)	Price comparison, OR (95% CI)	Financial distress, OR (95% CI)
No low-income subsidy population
Non-Hispanic white	Ref	Ref	Ref
Non-Hispanic black	1.49 (1.10–2.01)**	0.82 (0.65–1.03)*	2.61 (1.75–3.91)**
Hispanic	0.87 (0.64–1.19)	0.72 (0.58–0.89)**	1.20 (0.73–1.95)
Other	0.92 (0.63–1.34)	0.75 (0.58–0.98)**	2.17 (1.06–4.44)**
Low-income subsidy population
Non-Hispanic white	Ref	Ref	Ref
Non-Hispanic black	0.96 (0.61–1.49)	0.60 (0.42–0.86)**	1.10 (0.67–1.83)
Hispanic	0.70 (0.41–1.18)	0.51 (0.36–0.72)**	0.68 (0.37–1.25)
Other	0.98 (0.57–1.69)	0.88 (0.60–1.31)	1.42 (0.81–2.50)

Covariates adjusted for in the regressions included age, sex, number of chronic disease, income, education, prescription drug coverage, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility

*p-value < 0.1

**p-value < 0.05