Table 2.

Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of machined surface implants

Machined surface (microthread)	No effect	Fair	Good	Excellent
G				+
US			+
Air			+
Rot				+
Las		+
Machined surface (macrothread)	No effect	Fair	Good	Excellent
G				+
US			+
Air			+
Rot				+
Las			+

No effect: Surface was cleansed ineffectively and covered with an enormous amount of amorphous material, debris and bacteria

Fair: Surface was cleansed partially well but far from the ideal and covered with certain amount of amorphous material, debris, and bacteria

Good: Surface was cleansed effectively but not perfect and covered with a little amount or partially no amount of amorphous material, debris, and bacteria

Excellent: Surface was cleansed ideally and covered with no or only a small amount of amorphous materials, debris, and bacteria