Table 3.

Top 30 combinations of preprocessing methods, ranked by the mean F1-score over the 15-fold cross validation (n = 42).

Rank	GRF filtering	Time derivative	Time normalization	Data reduction	Weight normalization	Machine-learning classifier	M	SD
1	No	GRF	1,001	PCA	No	SVM	54.4	9.8
2	No	GRF	101	PCA	Yes	SVM	54.2	10.3
3	No	GRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	SVM	54.1	11.2
4	Yes	GRF	1,001	PCA	No	SVM	54.0	10.3
5	Yes	GRF	101	PCA	No	SVM	53.9	10.3
6	No	GRF	101	PCA	No	SVM	53.8	9.8
7	Yes	GRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	SVM	53.7	11.6
8	Yes	GRF	101	PCA	Yes	SVM	53.6	11.3
9	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	PCA	No	SVM	53.5	10.6
10	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	PCA	No	SVM	53.2	10.3
11	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	PCA	Yes	SVM	53.2	10.8
12	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	SVM	53.2	10.6
13	No	GRF	1,001	PCA	No	MLP	53.0	9.7
14	Yes	GRF	101	PCA	No	MLP	52.7	9.2
15	Yes	GRF	1,001	PCA	No	MLP	52.7	10.0
16	No	GRF	101	PCA	Yes	MLP	52.6	10.2
17	Yes	GRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	MLP	52.6	10.2
18	No	GRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	MLP	52.3	9.6
19	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	TC	Yes	RFC	52.1	10.4
20	No	GRF	101	PCA	No	MLP	52.1	9.3
21	Yes	GRF	101	PCA	Yes	MLP	52.1	10.5
22	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	TC	Yes	MLP	51.6	9.6
23	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	PCA	Yes	MLP	51.6	9.4
24	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	PCA	No	MLP	51.6	10.6
25	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	TC	No	RFC	51.5	10.8
26	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	PCA	No	MLP	51.4	9.3
27	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	TC	Yes	RFC	51.4	10.7
28	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	PCA	Yes	MLP	51.4	10.5
29	Yes	ΔtGRF	101	TC	No	MLP	51.1	9.9
30	Yes	ΔtGRF	1,001	TC	No	RFC	51.1	10.5

(1) The rounded percentage means and standard deviations of the F1-scores are shown; therefore, identical values may occur in the table. However, there are no pairwise identical values, so the ranking is unique. (2) A table including precision and recall (= accuracy) can be found in Supplementary Table S3.