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. 2020 Apr 15;11:589. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00589

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Copyright © 2020 Ungerfeld.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of (A) Electron bifurcation and (B) Electron confurcation redox reactions. Electron bifurcation in the reduction of Fd_ox by NADH coupled to the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA catalyzed by Bcd-Etf was proposed by Hackmann and Firkins (2015) to operate in rumen butyrivibrios (genera Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio). In the rumen bacterium R. albus the electron-bifurcating hydrogenase HydABC catalyzes the formation of dihydrogen (H₂) from NADH and reduced ferredoxin (Fd_red²^–) (Zheng et al., 2014; Buckel and Thauer, 2018b).