Table 1.

Summary of Food and Drug Administration approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in GI cancers.

Drug(s)	Target(s)	Therapy modality	Tumor type	Details	Objective response rate (%)	FDA approved Year	Clinical trial	ClinicalTrials.gov identifier	References (PMID)
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)	PD-1	Humanized monocolonal antibody	Gastric Cancer	Patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1	60.0% (combination with cisplatin) 25.8% (single agent)	2017	KEYNOTE-059	NCT02335411	30911859
			Liver Cancer	Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who previously received sorafenib	17%	2018	KEYNOTE-224	NCT02702414	29875066
			Colorectal Cancer	Patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan Also approved for any solid tumor that has tested positive for MSI-H or dMMR in patients who have had prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options	Colorectal Cancer: 40% (dMMR) 0% (proficient MMR) Non-colorectal Cancers: 70% (dMMR)	2017	KEYNOTE	NCT01876511	26028255
Nivolumab (Opdivo)	PD-1	Humanized monocolonal antibody	Liver Cancer	Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The approval covers the use of nivolumab in patients who have previously received sorafenib	15, 20%	2017	CheckMate 040	NCT01658878	28434648
			Colorectal Cancer	Patients with MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan	68.9%	2017	CheckMate 142	NCT02060188	28734759
Nivolumab (Opdivo) Ipilimumab (Yervoy)	PD-1 CTLA-4	Humanized monocolonal antibodies	Colorectal Cancer	Patients with MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.	55%	2018	CheckMate 142	NCT02060188	29355075