TABLE 2.
Hydrochemical characteristics of meltwater, including nutrient concentrations, major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), sulfate mass fraction (SMF), and the divalent: monovalent ratio (DiMo).
| Site | SRP | NH4+ | NO2– + NO3– | DIN | DSi | F– | Cl– | SO42– | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | HCO3– | DOC | SMF | DiMo |
| Herbert | 2.5 | 0.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 378.4 | 80.4 | 234.1 | 2025.0 | 345.9 | 580.4 | 234.7 | 2138.3 | 6110.4 | 198.4 | 0.30 | 4.22 |
| Mendenhall | 2.4 | 3.0 | 14.4 | 17.4 | 288.2 | 77.5 | 283.3 | 1949.7 | 333.1 | 553.9 | 226.5 | 1911.2 | 5332.0 | 108.1 | 0.32 | 3.98 |
| Lemon | 1.3 | 0.0 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 690.7 | 85.1 | 272.8 | 2775.8 | 403.4 | 627.9 | 369.2 | 4481.6 | 13075.9 | 204.8 | 0.21 | 7.56 |
| Eagle | 0.6 | 0.0 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 516.7 | 75.5 | 370.3 | 667.7 | 463.7 | 493.6 | 249.3 | 1780.3 | 6807.8 | 227.9 | 0.11 | 3.33 |
| Leverett | 5.6 | 0.0 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 870.2 | 93.8 | 155.1 | 3333.4 | 1259.7 | 1008.9 | 357.3 | 2519.7 | 9424.1 | 218.1 | 0.31 | 1.92 |
| Russell | 2.3 | 34.1 | 23.7 | 57.8 | 986.7 | 85.7 | 148.5 | 3184.4 | 786.8 | 835.3 | 553.3 | 3379.1 | 11670.4 | 412.5 | 0.26 | 3.85 |
| Qinnguata Kuussua | 5.3 | 5.8 | 23.7 | 29.5 | 971.2 | 89.6 | 188.6 | 3308.3 | 1124.6 | 1007.1 | 462.9 | 2902.9 | 10739.3 | 233.0 | 0.28 | 2.45 |
| Sólheimajökull | 40.8 | 4.9 | 13.3 | 18.2 | 2661.7 | 540.3 | 2007.0 | 1928.3 | 5461.9 | 449.3 | 721.9 | 3217.0 | 20975.5 | 62.9 | 0.10 | 0.88 |
| Skaftafellsjökull | 25.7 | 8.9 | 27.1 | 36.0 | 1104.6 | 445.3 | 1785.3 | 739.2 | 3203.1 | 109.6 | 155.0 | 2166.3 | 10603.5 | 56.8 | 0.08 | 0.85 |
| Eyjabakkajökull | 8.8 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 10.7 | 464.5 | 420.0 | 94.5 | 140.0 | 400.8 | 29.2 | 101.3 | 529.6 | 1541.0 | <LOD | 0.10 | 1.91 |
| Kaldalónsjökull | 9.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 381.1 | 228.9 | 535.2 | 469.2 | 916.8 | 46.3 | 118.3 | 484.0 | 2320.5 | <LOD | 0.20 | 0.83 |
| Styggedalsbreen | 3.8 | 8.6 | 31.6 | 40.2 | 300.7 | 16.2 | 62.1 | 272.5 | 132.0 | 100.1 | 153.8 | 370.8 | 1902.6 | 105.4 | 0.15 | 3.75 |
| Austerdalsbreen | 2.2 | 5.5 | 56.4 | 61.9 | 747.3 | 174.4 | 234.0 | 6702.7 | 442.9 | 527.4 | 154.5 | 3212.0 | 3070.4 | 111.5 | 0.73 | 5.28 |
| Bøverbreen | 6.4 | 6.8 | <LOD | 6.8 | 139.1 | 21.1 | 77.7 | 433.0 | 119.2 | 248.1 | 54.3 | 167.7 | 735.0 | 84.0 | 0.43 | 1.11 |
| Glacier 6 | 9.1 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 441.9 | 6.7 | 390.9 | 179.7 | 564.8 | 42.8 | 85.2 | 710.6 | 3233.7 | 192.3 | 0.07 | 1.66 |
| Glacier 10 | 17.5 | 18.2 | 0.0 | 18.2 | 653.1 | 4.4 | 327.1 | 226.1 | 703.8 | 42.7 | 1335.3 | 751.5 | 10060.0 | 151.8 | 0.03 | 4.65 |
| Glacier 11 | 17.7 | 25.9 | 0.0 | 25.9 | 221.7 | 5.2 | 157.9 | 102.1 | 253.9 | 41.2 | 91.1 | 185.2 | 1341.0 | 134.8 | 0.09 | 1.38 |
| Glacier 13 | 29.8 | 9.5 | 29.5 | 39.0 | 974.1 | 5.9 | 226.3 | 206.0 | 1250.7 | 42.7 | 44.2 | 522.7 | 4498.9 | 155.5 | 0.05 | 0.54 |
| Midtre Lovénbreen* | NA | NA | 24.5 | NA | NA | NA | 205.0 | 6362.7 | 703.3 | 350.0 | 1068.0 | 6923.7 | 20421.3 | 269.6 | 0.72 | 11.01 |
| Nansenbreen | 2.1 | 13.0 | 4.2 | 17.2 | 128.1 | 143.8 | 83.4 | 14632.4 | 352.8 | 391.7 | 2027.8 | 13000.9 | 32105.9 | 169.7 | 0.37 | 32.16 |
| Sefströmbreen | 0.3 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 92.9 | 288.3 | 57.6 | 18922.1 | 108.8 | 104.9 | 998.1 | 19717.4 | 40419.1 | 84.4 | 0.37 | 143.75 |
| Ebbabreen | 0.0 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 27.6 | 85.2 | 50.8 | 1220.1 | 28347.7 | 1143.0 | 412.7 | 1576.7 | 19307.5 | 32080.8 | 80.9 | 0.53 | 18.14 |
| Longyearbreen | 1.2 | 31.7 | 309.6 | 341.3 | 372.2 | 53.9 | 1579.2 | 86419.4 | 15841.2 | 688.7 | 10156.4 | 13895.7 | 23665.5 | 187.7 | 0.82 | 2.16 |
| Foxfonna | 2.0 | 15.0 | 28.7 | 43.7 | 194.2 | 84.3 | 456.4 | 6119.5 | 1992.8 | 580.4 | 375.2 | 142.1 | 5733.1 | 640.2 | 0.58 | 0.37 |
All concentrations are reported in parts per billion (ppb), and SMF and DiMo ratios were converted to μeq L−1 before calculation. *Data is averaged from 3 days around the sampling day (i.e., 16, 18, and 21 July 2016).