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. 2020 Apr 15;10:155. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00155

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Copyright © 2020 Hu, Pan, Cheng, Zhang, Wang, Chen, Zhu, Liu, Yang, Wu, Zhao, Huang, Zhang, Mao, Ou, Yu, Zhang, Liu, Tian, Pan, Rehman, Yin and Jia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The replication of DTMUV in the spleens and the brains of ducks infected with DTMUV in the absence or presence of either Rapa, 3-MA, or CQ, respectively. (A,B) The viral titers in the spleens (A) and the brains (B) were analyzed by qRT-PCR and expressed as means ± standard deviations (n = 5). Differences were evaluated with Two-tailed Student's t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (C) The expression of DTMUV E protein was tested by IHC. Images shown were representative from five ducks in each group.