Table 2.

The main benefits and risks of SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin therapy.

SGLT2 inhibitor + insulin therapy
Advantages	Disadvantages
1. Significant glycemia-lowering effect	1. Hypoglycemia (in the short term)
2. Reduction in daily insulin requirement	2. Genital and urinary tract infections
3. Weight loss	3. Diabetic ketoacidosis
4. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function improvement	4. BMD reduction and fractures
5. Cardiovascular benefits    1) Reduction in cardiovascular mortality    2) Reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events    3) Decrease of blood pressur	5. Other side effects: Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, pollakiuria, nocturia, micturition frequency, and thirst
6. Others possible benefits    1) Albuminuria reduction and improved albumin-to-creatinine ratio    2) Reductions in triglycerides and visceral adipose tissue volume    3) Decrease in IL-6

SGLT2, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2; BMD, bone mineral density.