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. 2020 Apr 15;11:493. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00493

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Copyright © 2020 Ma, Ma, Tu, Zheng, Chen and Lv

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Isoproterenol (ISO) increases atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility and duration in rats 5 weeks after injection. (A) Representative noninduced AF episode. After termination of the burst, the rat also displayed sinus rhythm (II). (B) Representative induced AF episode. Before the burst (I), the rat was in the sinus rhythm. After termination of the burst (II), the rat displayed an irregular atrial rhythm with an irregular ventricular response. After seconds (III), the AF episode stopped spontaneously and the sinus rhythm resumed. (C) ISO increases AF inducibility in rats (n=20 rats/group). (D) ISO increases AF duration (n=20 rats/group). **P < 0.01 versus control (CTL) group; ^# P < 0.05 versus ISO group.