Figure 3.

Low dose ATO/CDDP co-treatment inducing autophagy and differentiation in HN-CICs. (A) SAS-CICs cells were treated with different doses of ATO, CDDP and/or 3-Methylamphetamine (3-MA) for 24 h and analyzed by annexin V/PI staining. The bar chart revealed the amount of Annexin V⁺/PI⁺ cells. (B) Immunoblot analyses indicated expression of autophagy related markers such as PARP, cleaved caspase3 and LC3B. (C) SAS-CICs cells were treated with single or combined treatment of ATO (3 μM), CDDP (4 μM), and/or 3-MA (5 mM) for 48 h. Immunoblot analyses were used to detected the expression profile of epithelial differentiation marker such as Cytokeratin 18 and Involucrin. β-actin signal was used as loading control. Statistical analyses were performed by student's t-tests. *p < 0.05.