Table 5.
CSF and neuropsychological test scores in patients with baseline MCI in the LOEU-MCI and NE-MCI.
| MCI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Domain | Single Domain | ||||
| LOEU-MCI | NE-MCI | LOEU-MCI | NE-MCI | ||
| n | 20 | 10 | 7 | 11 | |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 11 (55%) | 7 (70%) | 2 (28.6%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| Age at seizure onset, mean ±SD (years) | 71.2 ± 5.4 | 71.8 ± 5.9 | 64.7 ± 6.8 | 65.4 ± 7.6 | |
| Education, mean ±SD (years) | 7.8 ± 4.4 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 9.9 ± 4.6 | 12.9 ± 3.8 | |
| CSF biomarkers, mean ± SD | |||||
| Aβ42 | 844.7 ± 341.8 | 780.1 ± 314.3 | 1,037.3 ± 354.0 | 856.4 ± 329.4 | |
| t-tau | 382.7 ± 223.9 | 433.2 ± 292.0 | 281.5 ± 74.3 | 446.5 ± 192.7 | |
| p-tau | 60.6 ± 33.3 | 68.2 ± 37.5 | 47.9 ± 9.2 | 72.4 ± 27.3 | |
| Aβ42/p-tau ratio | 21.5 ± 17.7 | 15.0 ± 10.2 | 23.0 ± 10.5 | 13.9 ± 7.7 | |
| AT(N) profile, n (%) | |||||
| A+ | 8 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| T+ | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (60.0%) | 0 (0%)A | 8 (72.7%) | |
| A+/T- | 3 (18.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| A+/T+ | 5 (31.3%) | 5 (50.0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (36.4%) | |
| A-/T+/N+ | 0 (0%) | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Neuropsychological assessment scores, mean ± SD | |||||
| MMSE | 25.2 ± 2.1A# | 27.2 ± 0.6 | 26.7 ± 1.9 | 27.9 ± 1.1 | |
| CDT | 5.0 ± 3.1A# | 1.3 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | |
| DIGIT F | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | |
| DIGIT B | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ±.8 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | |
| RAVLT imm | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 29.9 ± 10.4 | 34.4 ± 9.0 | 27.8 ± 6.8 | |
| RAVLT del | 3.3 ± 3.1 | 4.1 ± 3.7 | 5.9 ± 3.0 | 3.2 ± 2.8 | |
| RAVLT TR | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 13.0 ± 1.4 | 12.9 ± 2.2 | 11.4 ± 2.2 | |
| RAVLT FP | 5.2 ± 4.4 | 7.0 ± 4.2 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | 5.1 ± 4.9 | |
| TMT A | 92.5 ± 47.9 | 75.4 ± 32.0 | 57.5 ± 22.8 | 51.6 ± 23.3 | |
| TMT B | 238.1 ± 52.1 | 275.4 ± 49.1 | 154.3 ± 126.2 | 152.6 ± 81.7 | |
| TMT B-A | 133.3 ± 42.9 | 171.7 ± 63.8 | 43.5 ± 2.1 | 86.3 ± 51.4 | |
| FAS | 19.1 ± 6.7A## | 28.9 ± 8.7 | 21.6 ± 8.1A | 39.3 ± 13.6 | |
| CF | 27.0 ± 8.1 | 25.6 ± 6.6 | 31.6 ± 6.6 | 33.4 ± 6.5 | |
| PM'47 | 22.2 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 26.3 ± 5.5 | 29.1 ± 3.8 | |
| CD | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | 8.6 ± 1.1a# | 10.3 ± 1.2 | |
| CD-L | 55.6 ± 13.8 | 61.5 ± 4.2 | 65.8 ± 3.9 | 67.4 ± 3.3 | |
LOEU, late onset epilepsy of unknown etiology; NE-MCI, non epileptic-mild cognitive impairment; SD, standard deviation; EEG, electroencephalogram; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; Digit F, Digit Span Forward; Digit B, Digit Span Backward; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Imm, Immediate Recall; Del, Delayed Recall; TR, True Recognition; FP, False Positives). TMT, Trail Making Test; FAS, Phonemic/Letter Fluency (F,A,S); CF, Category Fluency; PM'47, Raven Colored Progressive Matrices'47; CD, Copying Drawings; CD L, Copying drawings with landmarks.
Results are based on two-sided tests. Pairs (LOEU vs. non-epileptic MCI) in each group (single or multiple domain) are compared. Tests are adjusted for all pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. a < 0.05, A < 0.01.
Cohen's d > 1.0,
Cohen's d = 0.76.