Fig. 2.

Pam₃CSK₄ induced keratinocyte expression of inflammatory mediators in a time-dependent manner. Keratinocytes were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µg/ml Pam₃CSK₄ (Pam) for 2, 4, and 6 hours. RNA was then isolated, and the expression of the inflammatory mediators (A) IL1α, (B) IL1β, (C) IL6, and (D) TNFα as well as (E) S100A8 and (F) S100A9 was monitored by quantitative RT-PCR with GAPDH used as the housekeeping gene. Results represent the means ± S.D. of three separate experiments; Pam₃CSK₄-treated values were analyzed at each time point using one-sample t tests vs. a hypothetical mean of 1.0 (to which the vehicle-treated control value was set), as performed by GraphPad Instat, with *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P<0.001 vs. the control at that time point.