Table 4.
Associations of study participant characteristics and test-of-cure results among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, Pretoria, South Africa.
| Characteristic |
CT |
TV |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number returned for ToC | Number with persistent CT positivity at ToC | Percent with persistent CT positivity at ToC | PR | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p-value | Number returned for ToC | Number with persistent TV positivity at ToC | Percent with persistent TV positivity at ToC | PR | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p-value | p-value | |||
| Age group | |||||||||||||||||||
| <25 years | 21 | 6 | 28.6 | 1.10 | 0.51 | 2.39 | 0.806 | 14 | 4 | 28.6 | 2.12 | 0.72 | 6.29 | 0.174 | |||||
| 25–35 years | 63 | 18 | 28.6 | 1.24 | 0.62 | 2.49 | 0.548 | 41 | 5 | 12.2 | 0.51 | 0.17 | 1.51 | 0.222 | |||||
| >35 years | 18 | 3 | 16.7 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 1.74 | 0.333 | 11 | 2 | 18.2 | 1.11 | 0.27 | 4.50 | 0.883 | |||||
| Gestational age | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1st Trimester (1–12 weeks) | 22 | 3 | 13.6 | 0.45 | 0.15 | 1.38 | 0.163 | 12 | 1 | 8.3 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 3.24 | 0.282 | |||||
| 2nd Trimester (13–27 weeks) | 67 | 22 | 32.8 | 2.30 | 0.95 | 5.57 | 0.065 | 45 | 8 | 17.8 | 1.24 | 0.36 | 4.26 | 0.728 | |||||
| 3rd Trimester (28–34 weeks) | 13 | 2 | 15.4 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 2.06 | 0.373 | 9 | 2 | 22.2 | 1.41 | 0.36 | 5.55 | 0.625 | |||||
| Gravidity | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 13 | 3 | 23.1 | 0.86 | 0.30 | 2.46 | 0.772 | 7 | 1 | 14.3 | 0.84 | 0.12 | 5.72 | 0.861 | |||||
| 2 | 31 | 14 | 45.2 | 2.47 | 1.31 | 4.63 | 0.005 | 23 | 4 | 17.4 | 1.07 | 0.35 | 3.30 | 0.909 | |||||
| 3 | 29 | 2 | 6.9 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.023 | 20 | 4 | 20.0 | 1.31 | 0.43 | 4.02 | 0.632 | |||||
| >3 | 29 | 8 | 27.6 | 1.06 | 0.52 | 2.15 | 0.872 | 16 | 2 | 12.5 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 2.92 | 0.619 | |||||
| Last known CD4 T cell count (cells/µl) | |||||||||||||||||||
| <200 | 11 | 3 | 27.3 | 1.28 | 0.43 | 3.79 | 0.656 | 5 | 2 | 40.0 | 2.80 | 0.75 | 10.46 | 0.126 | |||||
| 200–349 | 18 | 2 | 11.1 | 0.43 | 0.11 | 1.72 | 0.233 | 7 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
| 350–499 | 20 | 8 | 40.0 | 2.60 | 1.12 | 6.02 | 0.026 | 12 | 3 | 25.0 | 1.75 | 0.48 | 6.33 | 0.394 | |||||
| >500 | 23 | 3 | 13.0 | 0.49 | 0.15 | 1.57 | 0.231 | 23 | 3 | 13.0 | 0.63 | 0.17 | 2.36 | 0.489 | |||||
| Last known HIV viral load | |||||||||||||||||||
| Detectable | 33 | 12 | 36.4 | Ref | 18 | 6 | 33.3 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Undetectable | 25 | 6 | 24.0 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 1.53 | 0.331 | 25 | 2 | 8.0 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1.07 | 0.062 | |||||
| Knowledge of HIV status at first ANC | |||||||||||||||||||
| Known HIV on ART | 43 | 4 | 9.3 | Ref | 31 | 3 | 9.7 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Known HIV not on ART | 14 | 5 | 35.7 | 3.84 | 1.19 | 12.42 | 0.025 | 12 | 3 | 25.0 | 2.58 | 0.60 | 11.19 | 0.205 | 4.14 (1.25–13.79) | 0.020 | |||
| Diagnosed at ANC | 45 | 18 | 40.0 | 4.30 | 1.57 | 11.74 | 0.004 | 3.97 (1.09–14.43) | 0.036 | 23 | 5 | 21.7 | 2.25 | 0.59 | 8.54 | 0.235 | |||
| Partner HIV status | |||||||||||||||||||
| Known | 32 | 4 | 12.5 | Ref | 31 | 4 | 12.9 | ||||||||||||
| Unknown | 55 | 19 | 34.5 | 2.76 | 1.02 | 7.45 | 0.045 | 27 | 5 | 18.5 | 1.44 | 0.42 | 4.86 | 0.562 | |||||
| Depression (first ANC visit) | |||||||||||||||||||
| No depression (PHQ <10) | 93 | 25 | 26.9 | Ref | 59 | 10 | 16.9 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Depression (PHQ ≥10) | 8 | 2 | 25.0 | 0.93 | 0.27 | 3.25 | 0.910 | 6 | 1 | 16.7 | 0.98 | 0.15 | 6.51 | 0.986 | |||||
| STI-associated symptoms (first ANC visit) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asymptomatic | 79 | 22 | 27.8 | Ref | 49 | 9 | 18.4 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Symptomatic | 23 | 5 | 21.7 | 0.78 | 0.33 | 1.84 | 0.571 | 17 | 2 | 11.8 | 0.64 | 0.15 | 2.70 | 0.544 | |||||
| STI-associated symptoms (test-of-cure visit) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asymptomatic | 88 | 24 | 27.3 | Ref | 55 | 8 | 14.5 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Symptomatic | 12 | 2 | 16.7 | 0.61 | 0.16 | 2.28 | 0.464 | 10 | 3 | 30.0 | 2.06 | 0.65 | 6.53 | 0.218 | |||||
| Disclosed STI diagnosis to sexual partner(s) | |||||||||||||||||||
| No | 4 | 2 | 50.0 | Ref | 7 | 2 | 28.6 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Yes | 96 | 24 | 25.0 | 0.50 | 0.18 | 1.42 | 0.193 | 58 | 9 | 15.5 | 0.54 | 0.14 | 2.05 | 0.367 | |||||
| Time taken to disclose results to partner(s) | |||||||||||||||||||
| After 24 h | 14 | 5 | 35.7 | Ref | 5 | 1 | 20.0 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Within 24 h | 82 | 19 | 23.2 | 0.65 | 0.29 | 1.46 | 0.295 | 53 | 8 | 15.1 | 0.75 | 0.11 | 4.96 | 0.769 | |||||
| Partner sought medical care after being informed of result | |||||||||||||||||||
| No | 23 | 6 | 26.1 | 1.06 | 0.48 | 2.36 | 0.890 | 15 | 2 | 13.3 | 0.82 | 0.19 | 3.56 | 0.790 | |||||
| Yes | 10 | 1 | 10.0 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 2.50 | 0.311 | 3 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
| No, but accepted expedited partner treatment | 55 | 14 | 25.5 | 1.04 | 0.51 | 2.12 | 0.906 | 33 | 4 | 12.1 | 0.61 | 0.18 | 2.05 | 0.420 | |||||
| Don’t know | 8 | 3 | 37.5 | 1.57 | 0.59 | 4.16 | 0.363 | 7 | 3 | 42.9 | 3.64 | 1.16 | 11.49 | 0.027 | 12.6 (2.16–73.5) | 0.005 | |||
| Sexual intercourse since STI diagnosis | |||||||||||||||||||
| No | 26 | 7 | 26.9 | Ref | 21 | 6 | 28.6 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Yes | 59 | 15 | 25.4 | 0.94 | 0.44 | 2.05 | 0.885 | 36 | 5 | 13.9 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 1.41 | 0.185 | |||||
| Condom use since STI diagnosis | |||||||||||||||||||
| All the time | 35 | 12 | 34.3 | 2.74 | 0.86 | 8.78 | 0.089 | 20 | 2 | 10.0 | 0.53 | 0.10 | 2.88 | 0.465 | |||||
| Sometimes | 10 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||
| Never | 14 | 3 | 21.4 | 0.80 | 0.26 | 2.47 | 0.703 | 12 | 3 | 25.0 | 3.00 | 0.56 | 15.98 | 0.198 | |||||
| More than one sex partner in the past 12 months | |||||||||||||||||||
| No | 82 | 17 | 20.7 | Ref | 49 | 7 | 14.3 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Yes | 19 | 10 | 52.6 | 2.54 | 1.39 | 4.64 | 0.002 | 3.03 (1.44–6.37) | 0.003 | 16 | 4 | 25.0 | 1.75 | 0.58 | 5.26 | 0.319 | |||
| Pre-treatment cycle threshold (Ct) value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Strong positive (≤29) | 40 | 13 | 32.5 | 40 | 10 | 25.0 | |||||||||||||
| Moderate positive (>29≥37) | 37 | 8 | 21.6 | 0.67 | 0.31 | 1.426 | 0.295 | 12 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
| Weak positive (>37) | 25 | 6 | 24.0 | 0.74 | 0.32 | 1.70 | 0.475 | 14 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 2.07 | 0.215 | |||||
ANC: antenatal care; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CT: Chlamydia trachomatis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; NG: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; STI: sexually transmitted infection; TV: Trichomonas vaginalis.