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. 2020 Apr 15;10:426. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00426

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Copyright © 2020 Yang, Jing, Wang, Ding, Zhang, Chen, Zhang, Hu and Ni.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The overall design idea of this experiment and preliminary screening of differential metabolite in untargeted group. (A) Research flowchart: including specimen collection, GC-MS analysis untargeted analysis, data analysis, and UHPLC-MS targeted validation. (B) Schematic diagram of sample collection site, tumor, and normal tissue. (C) Mass spectrometry of the tumor and normal tissue. (D) Volcano plot analysis between tumor and normal by t-test. (E) Comparison of tumor and normal using normalized intensities of 10 significance metabolites. The mean value of 10 metabolites in each group was obtained, and then Z-score transformation generates heat map. (F) Scores plot segregated tumor and normal by PLS-DA analysis in untargeted group.