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Comparison of TDI and SI between control and varicocele groups.
| Variablec | Control | Varicocele | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| TDI (%) | 94.21 ± 3.75a | 47.13 ± 7.33b | <0.001 |
| SI (%) | 85.3 ± 2.8a | 41.0 ± 5.3b | <0.001 |
Legend: Data are presented as means ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups at P < 0.05. TDI: tubular differential index; SI: spermiogenesis index.
