Table 1.
Phytochemical constituents of acetone, water, and methanol extracts from wild and cultivated Alepidea amatymbica rhizomes.
| Phytochemical constituents | Extracts of wild A. amatymbica | Extracts of cultivated A. amatymbica | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetone | Methanol | Water | Acetone | Methanol | Water | |
| Tannin (mg/g) | 59.70a ± 0.417 | 62.40a ± 0.721 | 11.67c ± 0.304 | 39.70b ± 0.143 | 41.30b ± 0.21 | 9.80c ± 0.18 |
| Alkaloids (%) | 16.12a ± 0.03 | 17.80a ± 0.015 | 14.70b ± 0.04 | 12.39c ± 0.02 | 11.98c ± 0.14 | 13.21b ± 0.06 |
| Saponin (%) | 10.97c ± 0.102 | 34.47a ± 0.87 | 12.80b ± 0.66 | 12.0b ± 0.35 | 12.20b ± 0.30 | 10.81c ± 0.82 |
| Total phenolics (mg GAE/g) | 117.8a ± 8.45 | 97.81b ± 7.71 | 32.30d ± 3.43 | 67.01c ± 3.27 | 98.44b ± 6.08 | 66.46c ± 5.29 |
| Total flavonols (mg QE/mg) | 24.13c ± 7.1 | 68.67a ± 8.13 | 18.32d ± 0.30 | 21.91d ± 2.56 | 58.97b ± 5.91 | 10.61e ± 1.14 |
| Total flavonoids (mg QE/mg) | 97.33a ± 7.20 | 99.09a ± 7.20 | 55.01c ± 6.51 | 59.66c ± 0.17 | 67.32b ± 4.1 | 48.65d ± 7.74 |
| Total proanthocyanidin (mg CE/g) | 262.7b ± 4.52 | 325.7a ± 8.70 | 244.4c ± 6.28 | 144.7d ± 4.51 | 243.4c ± 5.30 | 153.4d ± 1.37 |
Data are expressed as means of triplicate (n = 3, mean ± standard deviation); means with different letters or superscripts are significantly different (a>b>c). Means with different superscripts or letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) in the different plants (wild and cultivated) but similar extracts or solvents. GAE: gallic acid equivalent; QE: quercetin equivalent; CE: catechin equivalent.