Table 2.

Effect of the crude extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves on castor oil-induced diarrheal model in mice.

Group	Onset time of diarrhea (min)	Total # of wet feces in 4 h	Total weight of feces (gm)	% Inhibition of defecation	% Mean fecal output
Control	87.33 ± 29.96	2.67 ± 0.67	1.85 ± 0.24	—	—
Loperamide 3 mg/kg	234.3 ± 3.81∗	1 ± 0.52∗	0.55 ± 0.18∗	62.8	30
100 mg/kg	40.8 ± 28.3	2.5 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.25	6.4	65
200 mg/kg	128 ± 44.7	2.3 ± 0.49	0.9 ± 0.31	13.85	49
400 mg/kg	156.8 ± 38∗	1.2 ± 0.8∗	0.58 ± 0.12∗	55.01	31

Note. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), and analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, ^∗P < 0.05; CE = crude extract, and controls received 10 ml/kg of 2% Tween 80 in distilled water. SEM: standard error of the mean and ANOVA: analysis of variance.