TABLE 3.
GRADE Evaluation for Outcome Measurementsa
| Outcome | No. of Studies | Results Confirmed in RCTs | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication Bias | Others | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS overall knee | 2 RCT, 2 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | No | Serious | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Low |
| VAS overall ankle | 2 RCT, 1 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | No | Serious | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Low |
| VAS 12-mo knee | 2 RCT, 1 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | Serious | No | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Low |
| VAS 12-mo ankle | 2 RCT | Yes (starts as high) | No | No | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Moderate |
| VAS 24-mo knee | 1 RCT, 2 non-RCT | No (starts as low) | No | No | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Very low |
| IKDC overall | 2 RCT, 2 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | No | No | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Moderate |
| IKDC 12-mo | 2 RCT, 1 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | Serious | Serious | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Very low |
| IKDC 24-mo | 1 RCT, 2 non-RCT | No (starts as low) | No | No | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Very low |
| AOFAS overall | 2 RCT, 1 non-RCT | Yes (starts as high) | No | Serious | No | Serious | Undetected | No upgrades | Low |
aAOFAS, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score; GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee score; RCT, randomized controlled trial; VAS, visual analog scale.