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. 2020 Apr 21;11(2):e00602-20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00602-20

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FIG 5 — DNAscope and RNAscope of lymphocyte-rich lesions in the neuroparenchyma of RMs with SIVE. SIV DNAscope and RNAscope were combined with immunofluorescence. Shown are representative images of the brain with SIV DNA (red), with staining for CD4 (green) to identify T cells, a combination of CD163 and CD68 markers (blue) to identify myeloid/macrophage cells, and DAPI (cyan) to identify the nucleus. (A) Tiled image of a brain section from H886 showing multiple lesions located at various positions in the neuroparenchyma/white matter of the midbrain. (B) A ×20 image of the meninges in H887 showing an accumulation of CD4 T cells and myeloid/macrophages harboring SIV DNA. The top inset image shows a close-up of SIV-infected CD4⁺ T cells, and the bottom inset image shows in detail a multinucleated giant cell with surrounding macrophages and CD4⁺ T cells positive for SIV DNA in the nucleus. White arrows point to the nucleus harboring SIV DNA. (C) RNAscope showing multinucleated giant cells are sites of actively replicating virus. SIV RNA is labeled in red.