Figure 3.

Lung dysfunction and inflammation induced by chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure are worsened in obese mice. (a) The pressure-volume (PV) loops were determined by the flexiVent FX system in lean (LFD, left panel) and obese (HFD, middle panel) mice, and the areas between inflating and deflating curves (right panel) were calculated (mL.cm H₂O) (n = 10–12 mice per group). (b) Hematoxylin-eosin-stained lung sections (left panel) were used for calculation of the histological score (middle panel) (n = 7 per group) (see Table S1 for studied parameters), and mean linear intercept (right panel) (n = 53–88). (c) Concentrations of CXCL-1 and IL-6 in lung protein extracts by ELISA (pg/mL) (n = 9–12 mice per group). (d) Total cell counts in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) (left panel) and lung tissue (middle panel), and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD86-expressing CD45⁺ F4-80⁺ CD11c⁺ alveolar macrophages (AM) (right panel) determined by flow cytometry (n = 9–12 mice per group). Data are expressed as individual and mean ± SEM values. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, * correspond to diet effect (HFD vs. LFD), # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001, #correspond to CS effect (CS vs. Air).