Table 1.
Comparison between different groups of CADASIL patients
| No stroke (n = 16) | IS only (n = 26) | Ever ICH (n = 21) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.1 ± 9.2 | 59.0 ± 9.4 | 60.7 ± 9.3 | 0.22 |
| Sex | 11 (68.8%) | 15 (57.7%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.72 |
| Hypertension | 3 (18.8%) | 14 (53.9%) | 17 (81.0%) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (18.8%) | 9 (34.6%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.25 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 (43.8%) | 9 (34.6%) | 9 (42.9%) | 0.79 |
| Ever smoking | 3 (18.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.47 |
| Headache | 4 (25.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.45 |
| Plasma biomarkers | ||||
| NfL | 2.53 ± 0.90 | 3.49 ± 1.38 | 3.46 ±1.24 | 0.03 |
| GFAP | 4.42 ± 0.40 | 4.95 ± 1.31 | 5.89 ± 1.66 | 0.01 |
| Tau | − 0.74 ± 1.17 | − 0.21 ± 1.11 | − 0.15 ± 1.34 | 0.29 |
| UCHL1 | 2.16 ± 0.73 | 2.40 ± 1.24 | 3.07 ± 1.66 | 0.07 |
| Neuroimaging markers | ||||
| WMH* | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 0.04 |
| Number of lacunes* | 3.8 ± 4.3 | 6.2 ± 5.4 | 4.7 ± 4.6 | 0.30 |
| Number of CMBs† | 15.0 ± 32.2 | 14.5 ± 19.7 | 32.2 ± 29.3 | 0.02 |
| Location of CMBs none/lobar/deep/mixed | 5/1/2/6 | 5/0/7/9 | 0/0/1/12 | 0.02 |
| Follow-up | ||||
| Total duration (years) | 2.11 ± 0.31 | 3.20 ± 1.62 | 3.78 ± 2.73 | 0.09 |
| Recurrent stroke | 0 (0%) | 3 (11.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.02 |
Data are expressed in mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
CADASIL cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, CMB cerebral microbleed, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, IS ischemic stroke, NfL neurofilament light chain, UCHL1 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, WMH white matter hyperintensity
*n = 16, 25, and 16 for each group; †n = 14, 21, and 13 for each group