Table 2.

Knowledge of participants about research ethics with the percentage agreeing to the questions listed in the table and the statistical significance of difference according to gender, academic rank and the faculty they belonged

No.	Item	% of correct responses	P value
			Gender	Academic Rank	School
1	All research ethics guidelines apply to all societies and cultures	25	0.81	0.24	0.44
2	Research ethics course should be mandatory in postgraduate programs	87	0.56	0.91	0.22
3	All investigators of human and animal studies should have training in research ethics	91	0.14	0.48	0.01 *
4	Not all participants comprehend research projects well. Accordingly, there is no need to provide them with details	78	0.29	0.15	0.15
5	There is no need to obtain informed consent to do research on blood samples already withdrawn for clinical tests	70	0.56	0.30	0.00 ***
6	There should be an REC at each university	88	0.23	0.22	0.49
7	Only human subject research must be reviewed by an REC	69	0.26	0.07	0.27
8	Review by an REC would delay research projects and make it harder for the researcher to perform it	29	0.24	0.39	0.05
9	If there is a scientific committee for reviewing research, there is no need for an REC	78	0.29	0.72	0.84
10	Members of the REC should be at least professors with high authority in the university	64	0.08	0.34	0.59
11	There is no need for child approval in research if they are less than 15 years as long as parents are consenting	57	0.20	0.13	0.00 **
12	Retrospective studies are exempt from informed consent	39	0.88	0.84	0.05
13	The researcher (by him/herself) can decide that no informed consent is needed if the research is a retrospective study (data already collected)	56	0.63	0.82	0.20
14	Informed consent should be always written	34	0.95	0.23	0.05

*, **, *** refers to p-values < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.001, respectively