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. 2020 Apr 21;24:164. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02886-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Different options for defining and reporting AKI outcomes. Illustration of how different theoretical options in serum creatinine (level A, five variants) and urine output (level B, four variants) could lead to twenty different ways of assigning a KDIGO stage per observation day. Here, eight practical combinations of A and B are shown. In total, this results in a total of 32 variations of reporting AKI, as AKI can be expressed for example using one of the four displayed reporting outcomes. However, defining AKI on both sCr and UO cannot be done for the two practical combinations in which either sCr or UO is used. Hence, 30 different variations were investigated. AKI, acute kidney injury; sCr, serum creatinine; UO, urine output; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration