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. 2016 Nov 19;56(1):11–20. doi: 10.1007/s00397-016-0980-1

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 9 — Extensional relaxation time λ as a function of the polymer concentration c for aqueous solutions of PAA at T = 25 °C. The solid and hollow circles are the results obtained using the device developed in this work with liquid bridges surrounded by 0.65 cSt silicone oil and air, respectively. The solid and hollow triangles are the results measured with the CaBER^TM 1 apparatus using the slow retraction method and the standard rapid stretching process, respectively. The line represents the fit to the data: λ [ms] =0.045(c [ppm])^1.14