Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Characteristics | Victimization in early adolescence |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥1 per month (n = 554) | <1 per month (n = 376) | Never (n = 208) | ||
| Age,a median (IQR), years | 51 (46–57) | 53 (47–60) | 53 (47–61) | <0.001 |
| HIV infection, n (%) | 280 (51) | 166 (44) | 97 (47) | 0.15 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 392 (71) | 248 (66) | 126 (61) | 0.002 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 94 (17) | 83 (22) | 66 (32) | |
| Hispanic | 60 (11) | 41 (11) | 15 (7) | |
| Other | 8 (1) | 4 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Cohort, n (%) | ||||
| Pre-2001 | 340 (61) | 237 (63) | 132 (64) | 0.82 |
| 2001+ | 214 (39) | 139 (37) | 76 (37) | |
| MACS center, n (%) | ||||
| Baltimore | 145 (26) | 87 (23) | 78 (38) | 0.001 |
| Chicago | 100 (18) | 80 (21) | 47 (23) | |
| Pittsburgh | 121 (22) | 88 (23) | 39 (19) | |
| Los Angeles | 188 (34) | 121 (32) | 44 (21) | |
| Parents' education, n (%) | ||||
| High school and below | 285 (51) | 188 (50) | 118 (57) | 0.53 |
| Junior college (2 years) or trade school | 99 (18) | 72 (19) | 30 (14) | |
| College and above | 170 (31) | 116 (31) | 60 (29) | |
| Education,an (%) | ||||
| High school and below | 60 (12) | 41 (12) | 42 (22) | 0.002 |
| Some college | 129 (26) | 65 (20) | 35 (18) | |
| College and above | 313 (62) | 226 (68) | 116 (60) | |
| Income, n (%) | ||||
| <20,000 | 136 (26) | 87 (25) | 63 (33) | 0.18 |
| 20,000–59,999 | 207 (39) | 130 (37) | 60 (31) | |
| ≥60,000 | 184 (35) | 132 (38) | 68 (36) | |
| Used marijuana since last visit, n (%) | 174 (32) | 92 (25) | 41 (20) | 0.002 |
| Ever used marijuana, n (%) | 431 (78) | 278 (76) | 155 (75) | 0.56 |
| Ever used poppers, n (%) | 390 (71) | 246 (67) | 118 (57) | 0.002 |
| Ever used crack cocaine, n (%) | 305 (56) | 192 (53) | 99 (48) | 0.18 |
| Ever used uppers, n (%) | 199 (36) | 105 (29) | 58 (28) | 0.022 |
| Ever used heroin or other opiates, n (%) | 46 (8) | 30 (8) | 18 (9) | 0.98 |
| Ever used ecstasy, XTC, X, or MDMA, n (%) | 132 (24) | 78 (21) | 33 (16) | 0.06 |
| Drinking, n (%) | ||||
| None | 104 (19) | 58 (16) | 42 (21) | 0.69 |
| Low/moderate | 316 (58) | 220 (60) | 121 (60) | |
| Moderate/heavy | 86 (16) | 63 (17) | 26 (13) | |
| Binge | 37 (7) | 23 (6) | 14 (7) | |
| Number of people that can be counted on for support, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 31 (6) | 21 (6) | 12 (6) | 0.99 |
| 1 | 96 (18) | 58 (17) | 36 (18) | |
| ≥2 | 397 (76) | 267 (77) | 151 (76) | |
| Experienced stress during the last year, n (%) | 193 (35) | 90 (24) | 39 (19) | <0.001 |
a
All variables starting from (and including) education were determined at the visit when participants completed the methamphetamine substudy questionnaire.
IQR, interquartile range; MACS, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine which is also known as ecstasy, sometimes abbreviated as XTC and X.