Fig. 19.

Left Average ionic charge of Fe in the energy range 0.18–0.24 MeV/nucleon in $\sim 40$ impulsive and $\sim 40$ gradual SEP events; see text for details. Right Mean ionic charge Q${}_{\mathrm{Fe}}$ at 0.18–0.25 MeV/nucleon versus that at 0.36–0.43 and 28–65 MeV/nucleon. Image reproduced with permission from Klecker et al. (2007), copyright by Springer