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. 2016 Sep 7;13(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s41116-016-0002-5

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 66 — Solutions to the Parker equation for particles accelerated at a shock moving through a spatially dependent magnetic field whose lines of force connect to the shock in two places. a Geometry of the magnetic field lines in the upstream and downstream regions. Color-coded representations of the distribution function of particles of b low energy (3–5 times the injection momentum), and c high-energy particles (15–30 times the injection momentum), where red is the most intense and black is the least intense. Image reproduced with permission from Guo et al. (2010), copyright by AAS