Table 3.
Hazard ratio for hard CVD events associated with MCF quartiles among participants with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and without left ventricular hypertrophy.
| Panel A. Results when left ventricular hypertrophy defined as left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (n=4,393) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | P-trend | |
| Characteristics | |||||
| Levels of MCF | MCF >0. 75 | 0.66<MCF≤0.75 | 0.57<MCF≤0.66 | MCF ≤0.57 | |
| Number of events | 25 | 48 | 59 | 92 | |
| Number at risk | 1097 | 1099 | 1099 | 1098 | |
| Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years | 2.32 | 4.57 | 5.68 | 9.26 | |
| Model | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.0 (ref) | 1.97 (1.22-3.20) | 2.45 (1.53-3.91) | 4.00 (2.56-6.22) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.79 (1.10-2.92) | 2.06 (1.28-3.32) | 3.00 (1.87-4.80) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.44 (0.87-2.36) | 1.70 (1.05-2.77) | 2.07 (1.27-3.37) | 0.002 |
| MCF as a continuous measure (per one SD = 0.14 decrease) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1.69(1.47-1.95) | <0.001 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.50 (1.29-1.75) | <0.001 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.33 (1.13-1.57) | 0.001 | |||
| Panel B. Results when left ventricular hypertrophy defined as left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7 (n=3,802) | |||||
| Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | P-trend | |
| Characteristics | |||||
| Levels of MCF | MCF >0.76 | 0.66<MCF≤0.76 | 0.58<MCF≤0.66 | MCF ≤0.58 | |
| Number of events | 17 | 40 | 54 | 73 | |
| Number at risk | 950 | 951 | 951 | 950 | |
| Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years | 1.82 | 4.38 | 6.02 | 8.42 | |
| Model | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.0 (ref) | 2.41 (1.37-4.26) | 3.31 (1.92-5.72) | 4.65 (2.74-7.89) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.0 (ref) | 2.19 (1.23-3.87) | 2.69 (1.54-4.70) | 3.34 (1.90-5.86) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.75 (0.98-3.14) | 2.27 (1.29-4.01) | 2.43 (1.36-4.33) | 0.002 |
| MCF as a continuous measure (per one SD = 0.14 decrease) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1.71 (1.47-2.00) | <0.001 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.50 (1.27-1.78) | <0.001 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.37 (1.14-1.64) | 0.001 | |||
Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity
Model 2 includes Model 1 variables + additional adjustment for body mass index, education level <HS, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Log2 C-reactive protein, diabetes, smoking (none, former, current), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, alcohol use (none, former, current), moderate + vigorous quartiles of physical activity, antihypertensive medication use, and lipid-lowering medication use.
CI: confidence interval, CVD: cardiovascular disease, HS: high school, HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, MCF: myocardial contraction fraction, Q: quartile, SD: standard deviation