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. 2017 Jan 9;292(1):25. doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-1049-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Plot of $Φ_{1}$ against $w$ for values of $s / w_{z} = - 2, - 1, - 0.3, 0, 0.3, 1, 2$ . The extreme values, $s / w_{z} = \pm 2$ , are plotted with dashed curves from clarity. The other parameters, $L / w_{z} = 3$ and $N = 4$ are the same as for Figure 7a. It is evident from that plot that the twist is maximum and minimum when $s = - 1$ and $s = + 1$ , respectively.