Trm cells form part of an integrated tissue surveillance network that participates in tissue monitoring and disease. (a) Trm cells signal disruptions in tissue homeostasis and communicate with the diverse motley crew of host resident and circulating parenchymal, stromal, and leukocyte populations. (b) Trm cells are thus putative contributors to (and perhaps instigate or sustain) responses in tissues, where they may play favorable or unfavorable roles in diverse human disease conditions. Abbreviations: DC, dendritic cell; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; ILC, innate lymphoid cell; NK, natural killer; Trm, resident memory T.