Skip to main content
. 2019 Feb 21;75(2):387–393. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glz052

Table 2.

Nine-Year Mortality and Incident IADL and ADL Difficulty in the CHS Original Cohort

Outcome Sample Size; Incidence Rate (per 100 person-years) Physical Frailty Phenotype Frailty Index
Crude Hazard Ratio Adjusted Hazard Ratioa Crude Hazard Ratio Adjusted Hazard Ratio
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
p Value p Value p Value p Value
Prefrail Frail Prefrail Frail Prefrail Frail Prefrail Frail
Mortality Overall 1.80 3.99 1.46 2.25 1.31 1.99 1.12 1.38
(n = 4,793) (1.63–1.99) (3.41–4.65) (1.32–1.63) (1.89–2.67) (1.19–1.45) (1.70–2.32) (1.00–1.24) (1.15–1.66)
4.01 <.001b <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 .043 <.001
Subsetc 1.80 3.80 1.45 2.23 1.31 1.69 1.11 1.28
(n = 4,720) (1.63–2.00) (3.19–4.51) (1.31–1.62) (1.84–2.69) (1.19–1.45) (1.42–2.02) (1.00–1.24) (1.04–1.56)
3.93 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 .048 .017
IADL Overall 2.46 9.27 1.94 4.95 1.85 3.69 1.55 2.63
(n = 4,579) (2.10–2.88) (7.46–11.52) (1.64–2.28) (3.88–6.30) (1.59–2.15) (2.97–4.58) (1.32–1.83) (2.04–3.39)
2.01 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001
Subset 2.46 8.24 1.94 4.50 1.85 2.93 1.55 2.21
(n = 4,535) (2.10–2.88) (6.49–10.45) (1.64–2.28) (3.46–5.84) (1.59–2.15) (2.30–3.74) (1.32–1.82) (1.68–2.91)
1.95 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001
ADL Overall 2.42 9.33 1.95 4.71 1.89 4.56 1.58 3.02
(n = 4,623) (2.00–2.93) (7.26–12.00) (1.60–2.38) (3.55–6.26) (1.58–2.27) (3.56–5.83) (1.30–1.92) (2.25–4.04)
1.36 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001
Subset 2.42 7.94 1.94 4.30 1.90 3.53 1.57 2.58
(n = 4,571) (2.00–2.93) (6.00–10.50) (1.59–2.36) (3.16–5.85) (1.58–2.28) (2.67–4.67) (1.29–1.91) (1.87–3.55)
1.30 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001

Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; CI = confidence interval; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.

aAdjusted by age, race, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Geriatric Depression Scale score (≥14), and number of diseases (modeled by cubic spline with three knots at the 10th, 20th, and 90th percentile). bp Value. cAfter excluding participants classified as frail by both the physical frailty phenotype and the frailty index.