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. 2018 Oct 1;75(2):207–217. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly222

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Figure 1. — Glucose uptake, GLUT4, and hexokinase II protein abundance and glycogen in epitrochlearis muscle. Glucose uptake. For muscles incubated without insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .01) and Exercise (p < .001); *3hPEX-AL exceeded SED-AL (p < .05); ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .01). For muscles incubated with insulin, post hoc analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .001) and Exercise (p < .001); **3hPEX-AL exceeded SED-AL (p < .001); ^‡3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .01). For muscles incubated with insulin, post hoc analysis indicated a non-significant trend (p = .09) for CR-SED exceeded AL-SED. CR-SED significantly exceeded AL-SED (p < .05) when compared using a t-test. GLUT4. There was a main effect of CR (p < .01) on GLUT4 protein abundance. Post hoc analysis revealed *SED AL exceeded SED CR (p < .05) and ^†3hPEX AL exceeded 3hPEX CR (p < .05). Hexokinase II. There was a main effect of Exercise (p < .001) and an interaction effect (p < .01) on Hexokinase II protein abundance. Post hoc analysis revealed *3hPEX AL exceeded SED AL (p < .001) and ^†3hPEX CR exceeded 3hPEX AL (p < .05). Glycogen. There were main effects of Diet (p < .05) and Exercise (p < .001) on epitrochlearis glycogen concentration. Post hoc analysis revealed that: *SED-AL exceeded 3hPEX-AL (p < .001); ^†SED-CR exceeded 3hPEX-CR (p < .001). Values shown as mean ± SEM (n = 9–10/group).