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. 2018 Oct 1;75(2):207–217. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly222

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Figure 2. — Immunoblot results for Akt, AMPK, and AS160 in epitrochlearis muscle. (A) pAkt^T308. No differences were observed for muscles incubated without insulin. For muscles incubated with insulin statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .001) and Exercise (p < .05); *SED-CR exceeded SED-AL (p < .05); ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .05) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .001). (B) pAkt^S473. For muscles incubated without insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effect of Diet (p < .01); *SED-CR exceeded SED-AL (p < .01) and ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded 3hPEX-AL (p < .05). For muscles incubated with insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .001) and Exercise (p < .01); **SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .05) exceeded SED-AL; ^‡3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .05) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .001). (C) pAMPK^T172. For muscles incubated without insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .05) and Exercise (p < .001); *SED-CR (p < .05) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .01) exceeded SED-AL; ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .01). For muscles incubated with insulin, post hoc analysis indicated: **3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .01). (D) Representative immunoblots for Akt and AMPK. (E) pAS160^S588. For muscles incubated without insulin, post hoc analysis indicated: *SED-CR exceeded SED-AL (p < .01) and ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded 3hPEX-AL (p < .01). For muscles incubated with insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .001) and Exercise (p < .001) and interaction (p < .05); **SED-CR (p < .01) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .01) exceeded SED-AL; ^‡3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .001). (F) pAS160^T642. No effects of exercise or CR were observed for muscles incubated without insulin. For muscles incubated with insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .001) and Exercise (p < .001); *SED-CR exceeded SED-AL (p < .05); ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .001) and 3hPEX-AL (p < .001). (G) pAS160^S704. For muscles incubated without insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effect of Exercise (p < .001); *3hPEX-AL exceeded SED-AL (p < .01) and ^†3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .05). For muscles incubated with insulin, statistical analysis indicated: main effects of Diet (p < .01) and Exercise (p < .01); **SED-CR and 3hPEX-AL exceeded SED-AL (p < .05); ^‡3hPEX-CR exceeded SED-CR (p < .05) and 3hPEX-AL (p = .05). (H) Representative immunoblots for AS160. Values shown as mean ± SEM (n = 9–10/group).