Table 3. Descriptive characteristics, bivariate and multivariate analysis of children infected by G. lamblia.
| Characteristics | N = 983 | n = 95 | % (Positive) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 580 | 61 | 10.5 | 1.272 (0.819–1.976) | NA |
| Female | 402 | 34 | 8.5 | Ref | NA |
| Unknown/ missing | 1 | ||||
| Age group (months) | |||||
| 0–11 | 477 | 31 | 6.5 | Ref | Ref |
| 12–23 | 330 | 40 | 12.1 | 1.984 (1.214–3.245)** | 1.870 (1.137–3.075)* |
| 24–59 | 121 | 14 | 11.6 | 1.882 (0.968–3.662) | 1.759 (0.868–3.563) |
| 60–168 | 55 | 10 | 18.2 | 3.197 (1.472–6.946)** | 2.322 (1.000–5.393) |
| Province | |||||
| Maputo | 523 | 52 | 9.9 | Ref | NA |
| Sofala | 51 | 0 | 0.0 | NA | NA |
| Zambézia | 126 | 14 | 11.1 | 1.132 (0.606–2.115) | NA |
| Nampula | 283 | 29 | 10.2 | 1.034 (0.640–1.670) | NA |
| Household members | |||||
| <5 | 364 | 21 | 5.8 | Ref | Ref |
| ≥5 | 580 | 69 | 11.9 | 2.205 (1.138–3.663)** | 2.141 (1.286–3.565)** |
| Unknown/ missing | 39 | ||||
| Animal contact | |||||
| Yes | 447 | 48 | 10.7 | 1.232 (0.803–1.891) | NA |
| No | 506 | 45 | 8.9 | Ref | NA |
| Unknown/ missing | 30 | ||||
| Drinking Water Source | |||||
| Public tap water | 315 | 29 | 9.2 | 1.318 (0.166–10.441) | NA |
| Piped water | 548 | 53 | 9.7 | 1.392 (0.179–10.851) | NA |
| Tube well | 92 | 8 | 8.7 | 1.238 (0.143–10.729) | NA |
| Others | 14 | 1 | 7.4 | Ref | NA |
| Unknown/ missing | 14 | ||||
| HIV Status | |||||
| Positive | 49 | 2 | 4.1 | Ref | NA |
| Negative | 429 | 43 | 10.0 | 2.618 (0.614–11.157) | NA |
| Unknown/ missing | 505 | ||||
| Nutritional Status | |||||
| Underweight | |||||
| Adequate | 559 | 51 | 9.1 | Ref | NA |
| Moderate | 159 | 13 | 8.2 | 0.887 (0.469–1.676) | NA |
| Severe | 130 | 14 | 10.8 | 1.202 (0.644–2.246) | NA |
| Unknown/ missing | 115 |
N: Total number of samples tested; n: number of positive samples; NA: not applicable
*: P < 0.05
**: P < 0.01