Table 1.
Demography and Medical History of Participants
| Mean (SD)/Frequency (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (N) | 1,814 | ||
| % Men | 939 (51.8%) | ||
| Race | % White | 1,353 (74.6%) | |
| % African American | 358 (19.7%) | ||
| % Other | 103 (5.7%) | ||
| Age at baseline (y) | 59.7 (16.4) | ||
| Range 17.7–94.5 | |||
| Education (y) | 16.2 (2.6) | ||
| Range 8–21 | |||
| Total number of urine samples | 5,527 | ||
| Number of repeat measures | 3.0 (2.2) | ||
| Range 1–12 | |||
| Follow-up duration | 6.6 (6.9) | ||
| Range 0–31.2 years | |||
| Duration of storage (y) | 11.9 (6.4) | ||
| Range 2.0–48.1 | |||
| Medication | Frequency (%) by visita | Frequency (%) by participantb | |
| Diruetics | 902 (16.3%) | 443 (24.4%) | |
| Antidepressant | 407 (7.4%) | 237 (13.1%) | |
| Sedatives | 269 (4.9%) | 196 (10.8%) | |
| Thyroid hormone | 963 (17.4%) | 476 (26.2%) | |
| Diabetes | 334 (6.0%) | 148 (8.2%) | |
| Statins | 1,244 (22.5%) | 566 (31.2%) | |
| Corticosteroids | 523 (9.5%) | 363 (20.0%) | |
| Sex hormones | 876 (15.9%) | 411 (22.7%) | |
| Smoking status | 268 (4.9%) current | ||
| 2,832 (51.2%) former | |||
| 2,427 (43.9%) never | |||
| Medical condition | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 59 (1.1%) | 26 (1.4%) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 283 (5.1%) | 111 (6.1%) | |
| Hypertension | 2,027 (36.7%) | 694 (38.3%) | |
| Angina | 589 (10.7%) | 200 (11.0%) | |
| Diabetes | 369 (6.7%) | 137 (7.6%) | |
| Cancer | 748 (13.5%) | 281 (15.5%) |
aFrequency (%) of medication usage across all 5,527 visits.
bFrequency (%) of medication usage by participant (N = 1,814) at any visit.