Table 4.

Generalized Linear Models for Total Monthly Costs According to Medication or Surgery

Variables	Medical expenditure within 90 daysa				Medical expenditure after 90 daysb
	Univariate model		Multivariable model		Univariate model		Multivariable model
	CR (95% CI)	P-value	CR (95% CI)	P-value	CR (95% CI)	P-value	CR (95% CI)	P-value
Therapy group
Medication	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Surgery	12.73 (9.19-17.64)	< 0.001	16.19 (12.03-21.78)	< 0.001	0.90 (0.58-1.40)	0.648	0.84 (0.56-1.25)	0.392
Sex
Men	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Women	0.84 (0.83-0.85)	< 0.001	0.91 (0.89-0.92)	< 0.001	0.84 (0.83-0.85)	< 0.001	0.91 (0.90-0.92)	< 0.001
Age (yr)
20-39	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
40-59	0.88 (0.84-0.91)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.70-0.76)	< 0.001	0.88 (0.84-0.91)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.70-0.76)	< 0.001
60-79	0.94 (0.90-0.97)	0.001	0.68 (0.66-0.71)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.90-0.97)	0.001	0.68 (0.66-0.71)	< 0.001
≥ 80	1.04 (0.99-1.08)	0.097	0.72 (0.69-0.75)	< 0.001	1.04 (0.99-1.08)	0.097	0.72 (0.69-0.75)	< 0.001
CCI score
0-1	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
2-3	1.48 (1.45-1.50)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.48-1.53)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.45-1.50)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.48-1.53)	< 0.001
≥ 4	3.27 (3.22-3.33)	< 0.001	3.39 (3.33-3.44)	< 0.001	3.27 (3.22-3.33)	< 0.001	3.39 (3.33-3.44)	< 0.001

^aModels included the medical expenditure within 90 days of fundoplication in the surgery group.

^bModels included the medical expenditure from 90 days after fundoplication in the surgery group.

CR, cost ratio; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.