Fig. 4.

The number of different hbs-LAB found in a sample was greater using qPCR technique (A) and in the quarantined honeybee colonies (B). Individual hbs-LAB was significantly better detected using qPCR in comparison with MALDI-TOF MS, except Hma2N that was detected similarly with both methods (C). Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences between predicted marginal means with confidence limits form the respective models. In A, all four combinations are compared regardless of quarantine status; in B, quarantine status is compared regardless of treatment-methods, and in C, different methods are compared for each hbs-LAB respectively. In A and B, the gray circles show the original data (all colonies at all sampling occasions) while in C, the gray symbols show the original ratio of detection (times detected divided by times not detected)