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. 2020 Apr 22;10:6845. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63931-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative case of a glaucomatous eye with advanced visual field loss. (a) VF testing shows an advanced VF loss. (b,c) A fundus photograph superimposed on an OCTA en face image shows superior and inferior temporal cpRNFL and inferior mGCL thinning corresponding to VF loss. These findings indicate glaucomatous optic neuropathy. (d,e) The colour fundus photograph and the SRL OCTA image do not show signs of microvascular changes. (f,g) The DRL OCTA image shows apparent vertical ADRVD (yellow arrowheads) and the corresponding ADRVD, GCL thinning, and central VF loss locations. (h,i) An OCTA image shows the location, in which a vertical line scan (h, green arrow) of the microvasculature was obtained. (j,k) Magnified views are also shown by the white squares. The red shading indicates the blood flow. The SRL microvascular signal is intact, but the DRL microvascular signal is reduced (yellow arrowheads). cpRNFL, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiver layer; mGCL, macular ganglion cell layer; VF, visual field; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; ADRVD, vertical asymmetrical deep retinal vessel density reduction; DRL, deep retinal layer; SRL, superficial retinal layer.