Table 2.
Discrete-Time Survival Models Predicting Onset of Hypertension by Gender, NLSY79
| Predictors | Women | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Current drinking status (ref: low volume/no HED)a,b | ||||
| Lifetime abstainer | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) | 0.311 | 1.20 (0.84, 1.71) | 0.309 |
| Current non-drinker | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.658 | 1.12 (0.92, 1.35) | 0.260 |
| Low volume/HED | 1.23 (0.90, 1.70) | 0.193 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 0.934 |
| Risky volume/monthly HED | 1.04 (0.67, 1.62) | 0.861 | 1.64 (1.10, 2.45) | 0.016 |
| Risky volume/weekly HED | 0.89 (0.48, 1.67) | 0.719 | 1.20 (0.83, 1.74) | 0.324 |
| High volume | 1.57 (1.06, 2.33) | 0.023 | 1.25 (0.84, 1.87) | 0.269 |
| Prior HED (past 10 years)a | ||||
| Monthly HED | 0.91 (0.75, 1.10) | 0.324 | 1.11 (0.94, 1.31) | 0.228 |
| Weekly HED | 1.26 (0.99, 1.59) | 0.056 | 0.97 (0.81, 1.17) | 0.785 |
| Age | 1.09 (1.06, 1.13) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.08, 1.15) | <0.001 |
| U.S. born | 1.76 (1.21, 2.54) | 0.003 | 1.19 (0.81, 1.73) | 0.377 |
| Race/ethnicity (ref: white) | ||||
| Black | 1.74 (1.46, 2.07) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.40) | 0.043 |
| Hispanic | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.357 | 0.77 (0.61, 0.95) | 0.017 |
| Native American | 1.17 (0.84, 1.62) | 0.357 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.604 |
| Other race | 1.04 (0.78, 1.39) | 0.793 | 0.85 (0.65, 1.10) | 0.219 |
| Frequency of religious attendance 1979 | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.637 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.470 |
| Work health limitation 1979 | 1.00 (0.78, 1.30) | 0.978 | 1.28 (0.97, 1.70) | 0.083 |
| In povertya | 1.08 (0.87, 1.34) | 0.500 | 0.91 (0.70, 1.19) | 0.490 |
| Education attainment (ref: less than high school) | ||||
| High school graduate | 1.05 (0.84, 1.30) | 0.683 | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | 0.039 |
| Some college | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | 0.747 | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) | 0.143 |
| College or more | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) | 0.395 | 0.78 (0.59, 1.04) | 0.089 |
| Marital status (ref: married)a | ||||
| Never married | 0.91 (0.73, 1.12) | 0.375 | 1.12 (0.91, 1.39) | 0.290 |
| Separated | 1.03 (0.77, 1.39) | 0.831 | 1.27 (0.89, 1.82) | 0.191 |
| Divorced | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) | 0.371 | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | 0.851 |
| Widowed | 0.75 (0.41, 1.39) | 0.362 | 0.64 (0.26, 1.57) | 0.330 |
| Has childrena | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00) | 0.035 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.300 |
| Employment status (ref: employed)a | ||||
| Unemployed | 1.12 (0.69, 1.83) | 0.654 | 1.31 (0.85, 2.00) | 0.221 |
| Out of labor force | 1.15 (0.96, 1.39) | 0.132 | 1.41 (1.07, 1.86) | 0.015 |
| In active forces | 1.81 (0.51, 6.46) | 0.359 | 1.07 (0.56, 2.05) | 0.838 |
| Smoking status (ref: non-smoker)a | ||||
| Previous daily smoker | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.977 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | 0.342 |
| Current daily smoker | ||||
| BMI (ref: normal weight)a | 1.10 (0.92, 1.31) | 0.314 | 1.20 (0.99, 1.44) | 0.057 |
| Underweight | 0.98 (0.55, 1.76) | 0.953 | 2.00 (0.75, 5.34) | 0.166 |
| Overweight | 1.64 (1.34, 2.00) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.50, 2.28) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 3.31 (2.75, 3.97) | <0.001 | 3.50 (2.83, 4.34) | <0.001 |
| Time | 1.34 (1.27, 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.29, 1.47) | <0.001 |
| Time2 | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) | <0.001 |
Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
Indicates time-varying variable.
b
Current drinking status is a combined total volume and frequency of HED of ≥6 drinks. Total volume is categorized into low volume (≤7/14 drinks per week for women and men, respectively), risky volume (>7/14 drinks per week and ≤14/28 drinks per week), and high volume (>14/28 drinks per week). Frequency of ≥6 HED is grouped into any in the last month, monthly, and weekly. High volume includes those with no HED and those with HED.
HED, heavy episodic drinking; NLSY79, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.