Fig. 2.

Probability of target attainment at steady-state (day 7). a 1 g quid 8 h (30 min); b 2 g loading dose (30 min) followed by 1 g prolonged infusion (over 4 h) quid 8 h; c 2 g quid 8 h (30 min); d 2 g loading dose (30 min) followed by continuous infusion of 3 g/day. Empty dots: patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, closed dots: patients without liver failure, dotted horizontal line depicts probability of target attainment ≥ 90%, dashed vertical lines depict typical target concentrations as 4x European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFF) for Enterobacterales (4× ECOFF 0.25 mg/L = 1 mg/L) and Pseudomonas spp. (4× ECOFF 2.0 mg/L = 8 mg/L). MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration