Figure 2.

Pulmonary TB relapse in HIS mice co-infected with HIV-1. Pulmonary TB relapse outcomes in the setting of HIV infection in study 1. Following establishment of paucibacillary Mtb infection with chemotherapy, HIS mice were co-infected i.v. with mock (PBS) or HIV-1 (2,500 TCID₅₀ JR-CSF). Experiments were terminated at 8 weeks post HIV or mock infection to assess TB relapse. (A) Lung bacterial burden during the relapse phase in TB and TB/HIV infection groups. Histological appearance of lung as shown with representative images from animals in both TB and TB/HIV groups. (B) Non-remarkable lung with occasional pockets of inflammation and frequent areas of interstitial inflammation that include features illustrated in C-H. (C) Foamy alveolar macrophages that are (D) lacking AFB. (E) Paraseptal and interstitial inflammation with (F) occasional AFB positive (arrowhead) inflammatory cells in interstitium. (G) Larger areas of inflammation containing (H) pockets of AFB (arrowhead). Data shown in (A) is the mean ± SEM and statistically significant differences between treatment groups are shown as *p < 0.05.