Figure 4.

Hepatic TB relapse in the setting of HIV co-infection. Infection, drug treatment and TB relapse outcomes in liver of HIS mice given high dose (10³ CFU) Mtb infection in study 2. (A) CFU in the liver 4 weeks after i.n. infection with Mtb and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of TB chemotherapy with RIF/INH. (B) Inflammatory foci containing (C) clusters of AFB (arrowheads) in the liver of mice following infection with Mtb. (D) Lesions with frequent multi-nucleated giant cells (arrowheads) observed following 8 weeks of TB chemotherapy which (E) lack detectable AFB. (F) Hepatic mycobacterial burden (CFU) in the TB relapse phase in HIV mono-infected, and Mtb and drug treated mice with mock (TB) or HIV (TB/HIV) co-infection. (G) Inflammatory foci similarly evident in liver from both TB and TB/HIV relapse in which (H) rare AFB are observed in the TB relapse phase. Data in B are means ± SEM with statistically significant differences between treatments shown as *p < 0.05.