Table 2.
Comorbidity between operationally defined syndromesa
| Overall Prevalence, n (%) (n = 157 366) |
Comorbidity, n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressionb | Hypomania/maniac | Anxiety disorderd | Unusual experiencese | Self-harmf | Haz/harm alcohol useg | PTSDh | ||
| Total | 70 892 (45) | 37 434 (24) | 2396 (2) | 11 111 (7) | 7803 (5) | 6872 (4) | 32 602 (21) | 10 064 (6) |
| Lifetime history | ||||||||
| Depressionb | 37 434 (24) | – | 1550 (4) | 8444 (23) | 3649 (10) | 4240 (11) | 8156 (22) | 6373 (17) |
| Hypomania/maniac | 2396 (2) | 1550 (65) | – | 778 (32) | 598 (25) | 453 (19) | 660 (28) | 657 (27) |
| Anxiety disorderd | 11 111 (7) | 8444 (76) | 778 (7) | – | 1551 (14) | 1704 (15) | 2634 (24) | 3274 (29) |
| Unusual experiencese | 7803 (5) | 3649 (47) | 598 (8) | 1551 (20) | – | 1225 (16) | 1784 (23) | 1594 (20) |
| Self-harmf | 6872 (4) | 4240 (62) | 453 (7) | 1704 (25) | 1225 (18) | – | 1890 (28) | 1719 (25) |
| Current | ||||||||
| Hazardous/harmful alcohol useg | 32 602 (21) | 8156 (25) | 660 (2) | 2634 (8) | 1784 (5) | 1890 (6) | – | 2572 (8) |
| PTSDh | 10 064 (6) | 6373 (63) | 657 (7) | 3274 (33) | 1594 (16) | 1719 (17) | 2572 (26) | – |
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
Percentages refer to the proportion of participants with the row syndrome who also have column syndrome. See footnotes b–h, and supplementary Appendix 2 for ‘case’ definitions.
Criteria met for major depressive disorder on Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) lifetime.
Criteria met for hypomania/mania lasting for at least 1 week.
Criteria met for generalised anxiety disorder on CIDI-SF lifetime.
Reported potential hallucination or delusion at any point in their life.
Reported self-harm at some point in their life, asked to report self-harm ‘whether or not you meant to end your life’.
Score above cut-off for alcohol use disorder (≥8) on Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tool during the past year.
Criteria met for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on PTSD Checklist – Short version (PCL-S) in the past month.