Table 2.

Study, depression intervention, implementation strategy, and implementation outcome descriptive statistics (N = 79)

Characteristic	N (%), unless noted
Study characteristics
Published year, median (range)	2016 (2003–2019)
Region
East Asia and Pacific	8 (10.1)
Europe and Central Asia	2 (2.5)
Latin America and Caribbean	13 (16.5)
Middle East and North Africa	3 (3.8)
South Asia	23 (29.1)
Sub-Saharan Africa	39 (36.7)
Primary research study design
Mixed-methods	27 (34.2)
Qualitative	9 (11.4)
Quasi-experimental – controlled pre-post	3 (3.8)
Quasi-experimental – uncontrolled pre-post	17 (21.5)
Quasi-experimental – uncontrolled interrupted  time-series	0 (0)
Quasi-experimental – controlled interrupted time-series	0 (0)
Quasi-experimental – regression discontinuity	0 (0)
Quasi-experimental – other	0 (0)
Randomized controlled trial – cluster	7 (8.9)
Randomized controlled trial – individual	16 (20.3)
Phase of implementation researcha
Pre-implementation assessment	4 (5.1)
Hybrid Type-1	53 (67.1)
Hybrid Type-2	0 (0.0)
Hybrid Type-3	16 (20.3)
T3	2 (2.5)
T4-1	4 (5.1)
T4-2	0 (0.0)
De-implementation (any phase)	0 (0.0)
Implementation outcome characteristicsb
Proctorc implementation outcome reported
Acceptability	50 (63.3)
Adoption	4 (5.1)
Appropriateness	14 (17.7)
Feasibility	28 (35.4)
Fidelity	18 (22.8)
Cost	14 (17.7)
Penetration	4 (5.1)
Sustainability	3 (3.8)
Depression intervention characteristics
Stage of implementation of depression intervention
Pilot researcher-controlled implementation	59 (74.7)
Delivered in routine care	20 (25.3)
Undergoing de-implementation	0 (0.0)
Implementation location of depression intervention
Community	30 (38.0)
Health facility	47 (59.5)
Multi-level	2 (2.5)
Population implementing depression intervention
Community members	7 (8.9)
Non-specialist healthcare workers	36 (45.6)
Nurses	6 (7.6)
Primary care physicians	8 (10.1)
Psychiatrists	2 (2.5)
Psychologists	3 (3.8)
Technology-based delivery	8 (10.1)
Multiple implementers	9 (11.4)
Modality of depression intervention
Activity-based	3 (3.7)
Counseling	2 (2.5)
Education/information	1 (1.2)
Group counseling	1 (1.2)
Group psychotherapy	14 (17.3)
Individual psychotherapy	30 (38.0)
Medication	3 (3.7)
Multicomponent	27 (33.3)
Implementation strategy characteristics
ERICd classification of implementation strategy
Not testing implementation strategy – testing  intervention	58 (73.4)
Conduct ongoing training	3 (3.8)
Create new clinical teams	1 (1.3)
Develop a formal implementation blueprint	1 (1.3)
Distribute educational materials	1 (1.3)
Facilitate relay of clinical data to providers	3 (3.8)
Increase demand	1 (1.3)
Provide clinical supervision	1 (1.3)
Revise professional roles	10 (12.7)
Implementation location of implementation strategy
Not testing implementation strategy – testing  intervention	58 (73.4)
Community	6 (7.6)
Health facility	14 (17.7)
District	1 (1.3)
Focal population utilizing implementation strategy
Not testing implementation strategy – testing intervention	58 (73.4)
Community members	1 (1.3)
Non-specialist healthcare workers	11 (13.9)
Nurses	3 (3.8)
Primary care physicians	4 (5.1)
Policy makers	1 (1.3)
Multiple	1 (1.3)

^aPhase of implementation research is defined as per Fig. 1.

^bMore than one implementation outcome possible, thus, total percentages exceed 100%.

^cImplementation outcomes were defined as per Proctor's implementation outcome framework (Proctor et al., 2011).

^dERIC classification refers to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change project and the list of 73 distinct implementation strategies (Powell et al., 2015).